Importance Of Energy and Storage

The use of energy resources is increasing in line with the growth of the primary population, income, and welfare in living conditions. Today there are strategic and cold wars between countries based on energy, and climate changes resulting from global warming threatening the energy supply security around the world.

Because of these concerns, countries are turning to domestic and renewable energy sources within their borders, and are making large-budget investments and research with an emphasis on energy storage. When analyzing the history of energy storage, it is first known that batteries were used in the early 1800s to store electrical energy. On the other hand, applications in the United States concerning pumped hydropower storage date back to the 1930s.

According to the International Energy Agency (IEA) 2040 projection, the leadership position held by coal for more than a century in installed power capacity shall be overtaken by natural gas by 2030. As of 2035, the installed power capacity of photovoltaic solar panel (PSP) systems is expected to surpass coal and natural gas.

Various scientific studies are underway to accelerate the adaptation of energy storage systems, including the development of new materials, system integration, system control and system modeling. These efforts are carried out in a broad framework, including increasing the energy storage infrastructure, developing and deploying high-capacity storage products. As a result of the studies, it is aimed to switch to a more dynamic, flexible and cleaner system compared to the current situation, so as to reduce theneed for backup power plants and to prevent possible fluctuations in energy demand.

The effectiveness of an energy storage system is evaluated by considering such criteria as response time to variables, energy loss rate and energy storage density. Although the advantages and gains provided by energy storage systems are largely related to the individual performance of the selected storage system, they are mainly related to the optimum design, control, operation and integration of the storage system as a whole.

There are opportunities to store different energy sources without converting them into electrical energy. The below table shares the classification of widely applied energy storage techniques. Unlike the shared classification, different types of classifications can be made depending on the energy input (electricity, mechanical or thermal), energy output (thermal energy, liquid fuel or gas fuel), or energy conversion process (power-power, power-gas, power-liquid, or power-heat). There are different types of storage alternatives depending on the type of application, the desired needs, and the economic conditions

When the current situation in Turkey is analysed, the share of the amount of energy obtained from renewable energy sources in our general energy production is increasing. Our current energy storage systems are natural gas storage facilities under building for natural gas, which is a fossil fuel source. Efforts are underway to eliminate periodic supply-demand imbalances that may be caused by disruptions in the source or route countries of natural gas during the winter months when demand is intensefor heating and electricity generation.

In this context, efforts are underway to increase the total storage capacity of the Silivri, North Marmara and Değirmenköy Natural Gas Storage Facility, which has a capacity of 2.84 billion Sm3 , to 4.6 billion Sm3 , and the recovery capacity to 75 million Sm3 /day. The Turkish Petroleum Corporation (TP) envisaged to increase the storage and recovery capacities of the existing facilities in two phases (Phase II and III). By the end of the year, the capacity is planned to be increased to 4.6 billion Sm3, making it the largest natural gas storage facility in Europe in its field.

The first phase of the Tuz Lake Natural Gas Underground Storage Project, for which structural works are ongoing, has been completed and natural gas storage has started. By 2023, the total working gas capacity of this underground storage shall be increased to 5.4 billion Sm3 and the back production capacity to 80 million Sm3/day. Tuz Lake Underground Natural Gas Storage Project shall be realised near Sultanhanı Town, Aksaray province, approximately 40 km south of Tuz Lake.

With the increase in the amount of energy obtained from wind and solar energy generation, the number of storage facilities in different technologies shall gradually increase. An example of energy storage systems in Turkey is Kontrolmatik Technology’s Progresiva ESS-1 Detached Lithium-Ion Energy Storage Facility, which shall be Turkey’s first lithium-ion energy storage facility. The project is planned to be commissioned within 2.5 years. The Lithium-Ion Energy Storage Facility to be established in Silivri, Istanbul shall have a connection power of 250 MW and a total energy storage capacity of 1,000 MWh. According to the announced information, the Detached Lithium-Ion Energy Storage Facility, which shall be connected to the national grid via a 400 kV GIS substation, shall reach an electrical energy storage capacity of 1,000 MWh with a total storage of four hours